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INTERMEDIATE

Compliance & Security Auditor Roadmap

Your complete guide to becoming a Compliance & Security Auditor. Master ISMS, PCI-DSS, SOC 2, ISO 27001, and ensure organizations meet regulatory and security standards.

What is Compliance & Security Auditing?

Compliance & Security Auditors ensure that IT infrastructure, applications and processes meet regulatory requirements and security standards. You'll conduct audits, assess security controls, identify gaps, ensure compliance with frameworks like ISO 27001, PCI-DSS, SOC 2, HIPAA and GDPR and work with teams to implement remediation plans.

This role combines technical security knowledge with risk assessment and regulatory expertise. You'll review system configurations, examine access controls, test security measures, document findings, create compliance reports, work with auditors and regulators and guide organizations through certification processes.

Compliance roles are in high demand as regulations increase globally. Every organization handling sensitive data needs compliance expertise. This career offers excellent stability, diverse industry opportunities (finance, healthcare, technology) and the satisfaction of protecting sensitive information while keeping businesses compliant.

Key Facts

Entry Level
Intermediate (IT/security helpful)
Coding Required
Scripting helpful (not required)
Learning Time
8-12 months to job-ready
Work Style
Analytical, detail-oriented, documentation
Career Stability
Excellent, increasing demand

Career Progression Path

Your journey from beginner to expert

0-2 Years

Junior Compliance Analyst

Learn compliance frameworks, assist with audits, document controls, conduct basic assessments, support remediation efforts, track compliance metrics.

2-4 Years

Compliance & Security Auditor

Conduct independent audits, assess security controls, identify compliance gaps, create detailed reports, work with teams on remediation independently.

4-7 Years

Senior Compliance Auditor

Lead audit programs, manage multiple frameworks, advise on compliance strategy, mentor juniors, interface with external auditors and regulators.

7-10 Years

Compliance Manager / CISO

Own organization's compliance program, set security policies, manage audit schedule, lead certification efforts, report to executive leadership.

10+ Years

Specialization Options

Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), GRC Director, Compliance Consultant, External Auditor at Big 4, Privacy Officer or industry-specific compliance lead.

Complete Learning Path

Follow this step-by-step roadmap to become job-ready

1

Information Security Fundamentals

Duration: 6-8 weeks

Security Basics & CIA Triad

What to Learn:
Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA Triad), authentication vs authorization, encryption basics (symmetric, asymmetric), hashing and digital signatures, access control models (DAC, MAC, RBAC), security principles (least privilege, defense in depth, separation of duties), common security threats and vulnerabilities
Free Resources:
  • Cybersecurity basics courses (Coursera, edX)
  • NIST Cybersecurity Framework
  • Security+ study materials
Hands-On Practice:
Study real-world breaches, understand attack vectors, learn security terminology, practice risk assessment thinking

Risk Management Fundamentals

What to Learn:
Risk identification and assessment, risk analysis (qualitative and quantitative), risk treatment options (accept, mitigate, transfer, avoid), risk registers and matrices, threat modeling basics, vulnerability vs threat vs risk, business impact analysis (BIA), NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF)
Free Resources:
  • NIST SP 800-30 (Risk Assessment)
  • Risk management courses
  • ISO 31000 overview
Hands-On Practice:
Create risk assessment for sample organization, build risk register, practice risk scoring, develop risk treatment plans

IT Infrastructure Understanding

What to Learn:
Networking basics (TCP/IP, DNS, firewalls), operating systems (Windows, Linux), databases and data storage, cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP), application architecture, identity and access management (IAM), logging and monitoring, backup and disaster recovery
Free Resources:
  • IT fundamentals courses
  • Cloud provider documentation
  • Infrastructure tutorials
Hands-On Practice:
Set up lab environment, explore AWS/Azure, understand how systems interconnect, map out typical IT architecture
2

ISO 27001 & ISMS Implementation

Duration: 8-10 weeks

ISO 27001 Standard Deep Dive

What to Learn:
ISO 27001:2022 structure and clauses, ISMS (Information Security Management System) concept, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, context of organization, leadership and commitment, risk assessment and treatment, Statement of Applicability (SoA), Annex A controls (93 controls organized in 4 themes)
Free Resources:
  • ISO 27001 overview and guidance
  • ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard (purchase or library)
  • ISMS implementation guides
Hands-On Practice:
Study ISO 27001 clauses in detail, map Annex A controls to real scenarios, understand audit requirements, create sample SoA

ISMS Implementation Process

What to Learn:
Scoping an ISMS, asset inventory and classification, risk assessment methodology, risk treatment plan development, control selection and justification, policy and procedure development, awareness and training programs, internal audit process, management review, continual improvement
Free Resources:
  • ISMS implementation toolkit (ISO 27001)
  • Sample policies and procedures
  • ISMS templates
Hands-On Practice:
Build ISMS documentation set for fictional company, create policies, develop risk treatment plan, prepare for audit scenario

ISO 27001 Auditing

What to Learn:
Audit types (internal, external, certification, surveillance), audit planning and preparation, audit checklists and interview techniques, evidence collection and documentation, non-conformity classification (major, minor, observations), corrective action requests, audit reporting, certification process and stages
Free Resources:
  • ISO 19011 (auditing guidelines)
  • Internal audit guides
  • Sample audit reports
Hands-On Practice:
Create audit checklist, practice audit interviews, write audit findings, develop corrective action plans
3

PCI-DSS Compliance

Duration: 6-8 weeks

PCI-DSS Requirements & Standards

What to Learn:
PCI-DSS v4.0 structure (12 requirements, 6 goals), cardholder data environment (CDE) scoping, merchant levels and validation requirements, service provider levels, detailed requirements: Build and Maintain Secure Network, Protect Cardholder Data, Maintain Vulnerability Management, Implement Strong Access Control, Monitor and Test Networks, Maintain Information Security Policy
Free Resources:
  • PCI Security Standards Council website
  • PCI-DSS v4.0 documentation (free download)
  • PCI-DSS training courses
Hands-On Practice:
Study all 12 requirements in detail, understand sub-requirements, map technical controls to PCI requirements

PCI-DSS Implementation & Assessment

What to Learn:
Network segmentation and CDE isolation, encryption requirements (in-transit, at-rest), tokenization and PCI scope reduction, vulnerability scanning (ASV), penetration testing requirements, log management and monitoring, Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) types, Report on Compliance (ROC), Attestation of Compliance (AOC)
Free Resources:
  • PCI-DSS SAQ documents
  • Network segmentation guides
  • PCI implementation best practices
Hands-On Practice:
Complete practice SAQ, design network segmentation, create compliance documentation, practice gap assessments

PCI-DSS Auditing & Continuous Compliance

What to Learn:
Qualified Security Assessor (QSA) role, on-site assessments, evidence collection for PCI audits, compensating controls, customized approach vs defined approach (PCI v4.0), continuous compliance monitoring, change management for PCI, annual validation requirements
Free Resources:
  • PCI audit preparation guides
  • Continuous compliance strategies
  • Sample audit evidence
Hands-On Practice:
Create audit checklist, practice evidence review, document compensating controls, develop continuous monitoring plan
4

SOC 2 & Trust Services Criteria

Duration: 6-8 weeks

SOC 2 Framework & Trust Services Criteria

What to Learn:
AICPA SOC 2 framework overview, SOC 2 Type I vs Type II, Trust Services Criteria: Security (common criteria), Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, Privacy, control categories (organizational, logical and physical access, system operations, change management, risk mitigation), SOC 2 report structure and audience
Free Resources:
  • AICPA Trust Services Criteria
  • SOC 2 overview guides
  • Sample SOC 2 reports (sanitized)
Hands-On Practice:
Study Trust Services Criteria, map controls to criteria, understand difference between Type I and Type II

SOC 2 Readiness & Implementation

What to Learn:
Scoping a SOC 2 audit, control design and implementation, evidence collection strategies, policy and procedure documentation, vendor management and subservice organizations, business continuity and disaster recovery, incident response, change management processes, pre-audit readiness assessments
Free Resources:
  • SOC 2 readiness checklists
  • Control implementation guides
  • SOC 2 preparation resources
Hands-On Practice:
Create SOC 2 control matrix, document controls, gather evidence samples, prepare for mock audit

SOC 2 Audit Process

What to Learn:
Working with SOC 2 auditors (CPA firms), audit phases (planning, fieldwork, reporting), evidence requests and management, control testing and validation, deficiency management, audit findings and recommendations, management response, SOC 2 report delivery and distribution, continuous improvement after audit
Free Resources:
  • SOC 2 audit process overview
  • Working with auditors guide
  • Evidence management best practices
Hands-On Practice:
Practice evidence organization, simulate auditor requests, write management responses, plan remediation activities
5

Additional Frameworks & Regulations

Duration: 6-8 weeks

GDPR & Privacy Compliance

What to Learn:
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) overview, data protection principles, lawful basis for processing, data subject rights (access, erasure, portability, objection), data protection impact assessments (DPIA), Data Protection Officer (DPO) role, breach notification requirements, international data transfers, GDPR vs other privacy laws (CCPA, LGPD, PDPA)
Free Resources:
  • GDPR official text and guidance
  • ICO (UK) guidance documents
  • GDPR compliance courses
Hands-On Practice:
Map data flows, create data inventory, conduct DPIA, develop privacy policies, practice breach response

HIPAA & Healthcare Compliance

What to Learn:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) overview, covered entities and business associates, Protected Health Information (PHI), Privacy Rule vs Security Rule, administrative, physical and technical safeguards, HIPAA Security Rule requirements, risk analysis, HITECH Act, breach notification, HIPAA audits and enforcement
Free Resources:
  • HHS.gov HIPAA resources
  • HIPAA Security Rule guidance
  • Healthcare compliance courses
Hands-On Practice:
Study HIPAA Security Rule requirements, create safeguards documentation, conduct risk analysis, develop policies

Other Frameworks & Industry Standards

What to Learn:
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF), CIS Controls (Critical Security Controls), COBIT (Control Objectives for IT), ITIL (IT service management), SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley) IT controls, FedRAMP (for government), ISO 27017 (cloud), ISO 27018 (privacy in cloud), understanding framework mapping and integration
Free Resources:
  • NIST CSF documentation
  • CIS Controls (free download)
  • Framework comparison guides
Hands-On Practice:
Map frameworks to each other, understand control overlap, practice integrated compliance approaches
6

GRC Tools & Career Development

Duration: 4-6 weeks

GRC Tools & Automation

What to Learn:
Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) platform overview, tools like ServiceNow GRC, Vanta, Drata, Secureframe, Tugboat Logic, compliance automation, continuous monitoring, evidence collection automation, control testing automation, dashboard and reporting, integrations with cloud providers and tools
Free Resources:
  • GRC tool demos and trials
  • Compliance automation guides
  • Tool comparison resources
Hands-On Practice:
Try free trials of GRC tools, explore automation capabilities, understand benefits and limitations

Certifications & Professional Development

Key Certifications:
ISO 27001: ISO 27001 Lead Auditor/Implementer (very valuable)
General Security: CompTIA Security+, CISSP (after 5 years experience)
Audit: CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor)
Risk: CRISC (Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control)
Privacy: CIPP (Certified Information Privacy Professional)
Cloud: CCSK (Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge)
Career Resources:
Join professional organizations (ISACA, ISC2), attend compliance conferences, network with auditors, read compliance blogs, stay updated on regulations

Portfolio & Interview Preparation

Portfolio Items:
Sample audit reports (sanitized), compliance documentation you've created, gap analysis examples, risk assessments, compliance checklists, framework mapping documents, blog posts on compliance topics
Interview Prep:
Framework knowledge questions, audit scenario discussions, control design questions, regulatory interpretation, risk assessment methodology, real-world compliance challenges you've solved

Essential Knowledge & Tools

Master these frameworks and tools to become job-ready

Core Frameworks

  • ISO 27001 (ISMS)
  • PCI-DSS
  • SOC 2 (Trust Services)
  • NIST Cybersecurity Framework

Regulations & Privacy

  • GDPR
  • HIPAA
  • CCPA / Privacy laws
  • SOX IT Controls

GRC Platforms

  • ServiceNow GRC
  • Vanta / Drata
  • Secureframe
  • Tugboat Logic

Technical Knowledge

  • Cloud platforms (AWS, Azure)
  • Networking & Security
  • Access management (IAM)
  • Encryption & PKI

Audit & Documentation

  • Audit methodologies
  • Evidence collection
  • Report writing
  • Control testing

Additional Standards

  • CIS Controls
  • COBIT
  • FedRAMP
  • Industry-specific frameworks

Portfolio Projects to Build

Build these projects to showcase your skills to employers

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ISO 27001 ISMS Documentation Package

Create complete ISMS documentation for fictional company including risk assessment, risk treatment plan, Statement of Applicability, 20+ policies and procedures, audit checklist and internal audit report. Demonstrate full ISMS lifecycle.

ISO 27001 ISMS Documentation Audit
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PCI-DSS Gap Assessment & Remediation Plan

Conduct comprehensive PCI-DSS gap assessment for sample e-commerce platform, identify non-compliant controls, document findings with evidence, create prioritized remediation roadmap with timelines, design network segmentation.

PCI-DSS Gap Assessment Remediation Security
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SOC 2 Type II Readiness Assessment

Prepare SaaS company for SOC 2 Type II audit with control matrix covering Security and Availability, evidence collection plan, policy development, testing procedures, pre-audit readiness report. Include timeline to audit.

SOC 2 Trust Services Readiness Control Design
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Multi-Framework Compliance Mapping

Create comprehensive control mapping between ISO 27001, SOC 2, NIST CSF and CIS Controls. Show overlapping requirements, demonstrate integrated compliance approach, build unified control library with evidence requirements.

Framework Mapping Integration Control Library Strategy
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Risk Assessment & Treatment Framework

Develop comprehensive risk assessment methodology aligned with ISO 27005, create risk register for organization, conduct threat modeling, design risk treatment plans, build risk dashboard with metrics, document risk acceptance process.

Risk Management ISO 27005 Threat Modeling Governance
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Cloud Security Compliance Assessment

Assess AWS/Azure environment against CIS Benchmarks, ISO 27017 and SOC 2 cloud requirements. Document configuration issues, create remediation scripts, implement security baselines, continuous compliance monitoring plan.

Cloud Security CIS Benchmarks AWS/Azure Automation

Free Learning Resources

Best free resources to master compliance and security auditing

📚 Standards & Frameworks

  • ISO 27001:2022 (purchase or library)
  • PCI-DSS v4.0 (free from PCI SSC)
  • AICPA Trust Services Criteria
  • NIST publications (free)
  • CIS Controls (free download)

🎓 Courses & Training

  • Cybrary (security & compliance)
  • SANS free resources
  • ISACA webinars
  • Coursera compliance courses
  • LinkedIn Learning GRC

📖 Documentation & Guides

  • ISO 27001 Toolkit (online)
  • PCI-DSS supporting documents
  • SOC 2 Academy resources
  • GDPR guidance (ICO website)
  • HIPAA guidance (HHS.gov)

💻 Tools & Templates

  • GRC tool free trials
  • Audit checklist templates
  • Policy templates (SANS, ISO)
  • Risk assessment tools
  • Compliance calculators

💬 Communities

  • ISACA chapters and forums
  • ISC2 community
  • Reddit r/AskNetsec, r/cybersecurity
  • LinkedIn GRC groups
  • Compliance conferences (virtual)

📰 Blogs & News

  • IAPP (privacy news)
  • Compliance Week
  • Security compliance blogs
  • Vendor blogs (Vanta, Drata)
  • Regulatory update services

Ready to Start Your Compliance Career?

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