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INTERMEDIATE

Network Engineer Roadmap

Your complete guide to becoming a Network Engineer.
Design, implement and maintain the networks that connect the world.
A critical role in every organization.

What is Network Engineering?

Network Engineers design, implement and maintain the network infrastructure that enables communication within and between organizations. You'll work with routers, switches, firewalls, wireless systems and configure protocols that ensure data flows securely and efficiently.

This role combines deep technical knowledge with problem-solving skills. You'll troubleshoot connectivity issues, optimize network performance, implement security policies, design network architectures and ensure high availability for business-critical systems.

Network Engineers are essential to every organizationβ€”from small businesses to global enterprises. As everything becomes more connected (IoT, cloud, 5G), the demand for skilled network professionals continues to grow. This career offers excellent stability, clear progression and opportunities to specialize in areas like security, wireless or cloud networking.

Key Facts

Entry Level
Intermediate (IT basics helpful)
Coding Required
Scripting helpful (Python)
Learning Time
8-12 months to job-ready
Work Style
Hands-on, problem-solving
Career Stability
Very high, always needed

Career Progression Path

Your journey from beginner to expert

0-1 Years

Junior Network Engineer

Learn networking fundamentals, configure basic switches and routers, troubleshoot connectivity issues, assist with network maintenance.

1-3 Years

Network Engineer

Design and implement network solutions, configure VLANs and routing protocols, manage firewalls, optimize network performance independently.

3-5 Years

Senior Network Engineer

Architect complex networks, lead infrastructure projects, implement advanced security, mentor juniors, handle multi-site networks.

5-8 Years

Network Architect / Lead Engineer

Design enterprise network architectures, set standards, lead network team, make strategic technology decisions for organization.

8+ Years

Specialization Options

Branch into Network Security Engineer, Cloud Network Specialist, Wireless Expert, SD-WAN Architect or Network Manager/Director.

Complete Learning Path

Follow this step-by-step roadmap to become job-ready

1

Networking Fundamentals

Duration: 8-10 weeks

OSI Model & TCP/IP

What to Learn:
7 layers of OSI model (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application), TCP/IP model (4 layers), protocols at each layer, encapsulation and de-encapsulation, how data flows through network, troubleshooting using OSI model
Free Resources:
  • NetworkChuck YouTube (OSI model)
  • Professor Messer Network+ series
  • Cisco Networking Academy
Hands-On Practice:
Use Wireshark to capture and analyze packets, identify protocols at each layer, trace data flow through network stack

IP Addressing & Subnetting

What to Learn:
IPv4 addressing, classes (A, B, C), public vs private IPs, subnet masks, CIDR notation, subnetting calculations, VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masks), supernetting, IPv6 basics, IPv6 addressing format
Free Resources:
  • Subnetting Made Easy (YouTube)
  • Subnet calculator and practice
  • IPv6 fundamentals course
Hands-On Practice:
Practice subnetting 100+ problems manually, design subnet schemes for organizations, work with IPv6 addresses, use subnet calculators for verification

Network Devices & Basics

What to Learn:
Hubs vs switches vs routers, network interface cards (NICs), cables (Ethernet, fiber), wireless basics, MAC addresses, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), broadcast domains, collision domains, network topologies
Free Resources:
  • Network devices explained (YouTube)
  • Networking basics course
  • Practical networking tutorials
Hands-On Practice:
Build home network with router and switch, configure devices, use packet tracer simulations, document network topology
2

Switching & VLANs

Duration: 6-8 weeks

Switch Configuration & VLANs

What to Learn:
Cisco IOS basics, switch CLI navigation, port configuration, VLANs (Virtual LANs), trunk ports vs access ports, VLAN tagging (802.1Q), inter-VLAN routing, port security, MAC address tables
Free Resources:
  • Cisco CCNA 200-301 course (free resources)
  • GNS3 or Packet Tracer tutorials
  • VLAN configuration guides
Hands-On Practice:
Use GNS3 or Packet Tracer to configure switches, create multiple VLANs, configure trunk links, implement port security, troubleshoot VLAN issues

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

What to Learn:
Why STP is needed (loop prevention), STP operation, root bridge election, port states (blocking, listening, learning, forwarding), RSTP (Rapid STP), PortFast and BPDU Guard, STP troubleshooting
Free Resources:
  • STP explained (NetworkChuck)
  • Spanning Tree Protocol deep dive
  • Cisco documentation on STP
Hands-On Practice:
Create redundant switch topologies, configure STP root bridge, verify STP operation, test failover scenarios, implement RSTP

EtherChannel & Link Aggregation

What to Learn:
Link aggregation concepts, EtherChannel (Port Channel), LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol), PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol), load balancing methods, configuring EtherChannel, troubleshooting bundled links
Free Resources:
  • EtherChannel configuration guide
  • LACP vs PAgP comparison
  • Link aggregation tutorials
Hands-On Practice:
Configure EtherChannel between switches, test load balancing, verify redundancy, troubleshoot misconfigurations
3

Routing Protocols

Duration: 8-10 weeks

Static Routing & Default Routes

What to Learn:
Router basics and configuration, static routes, default routes (0.0.0.0/0), floating static routes, route administrative distance, routing table, longest prefix match, recursive routing lookups
Free Resources:
  • Router configuration basics
  • Static routing tutorials
  • Cisco routing fundamentals
Hands-On Practice:
Configure routers in GNS3/Packet Tracer, create static routes between networks, implement default routes, verify routing tables, test connectivity

Dynamic Routing - OSPF

What to Learn:
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) basics, link-state vs distance-vector protocols, OSPF areas (backbone, stub), router roles (DR, BDR), OSPF neighbor adjacency, LSA types, SPF algorithm, OSPF configuration, OSPF authentication
Free Resources:
  • OSPF explained (detailed tutorial)
  • OSPF configuration guide
  • Cisco OSPF documentation
Hands-On Practice:
Configure OSPF in single area, implement multi-area OSPF, verify neighbor relationships, troubleshoot OSPF issues, optimize OSPF for large networks

Dynamic Routing - EIGRP & BGP Basics

What to Learn:
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), EIGRP metric calculation, feasible successor, DUAL algorithm, BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) basics, eBGP vs iBGP, BGP path selection, AS numbers, routing protocol comparison
Free Resources:
  • EIGRP configuration guide
  • BGP fundamentals course
  • Routing protocols comparison
Hands-On Practice:
Configure EIGRP, implement route redistribution, configure basic BGP, understand when to use each protocol

Routing Protocol Troubleshooting

What to Learn:
Common routing issues, troubleshooting methodology, show commands (show ip route, show ip protocols, show ip ospf neighbor), debug commands, route filtering, route maps, prefix lists, distribute lists
Free Resources:
  • Routing troubleshooting guide
  • Common routing problems and solutions
  • Advanced routing configuration
Hands-On Practice:
Practice troubleshooting broken network scenarios, use debug commands, implement route filtering, optimize routing configurations
4

Network Services & Security

Duration: 6-8 weeks

DHCP, DNS & NAT

What to Learn:
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), DHCP discover/offer/request/ack process, DHCP relay, DNS (Domain Name System), DNS query process, DNS records (A, AAAA, CNAME, MX), NAT (Network Address Translation), PAT (Port Address Translation), static NAT vs dynamic NAT
Free Resources:
  • DHCP explained in detail
  • DNS deep dive tutorial
  • NAT configuration guide
Hands-On Practice:
Configure DHCP server on router, set up DNS server, implement NAT/PAT, verify services with show commands, troubleshoot issues

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

What to Learn:
Standard ACLs vs Extended ACLs, ACL syntax and logic, wildcard masks, ACL placement best practices, named ACLs, applying ACLs to interfaces, ACL troubleshooting, implicit deny, ACL ordering
Free Resources:
  • Cisco ACL configuration guide
  • ACL best practices
  • ACL examples and scenarios
Hands-On Practice:
Create standard and extended ACLs, apply ACLs to control traffic flow, test ACL effectiveness, troubleshoot ACL issues, optimize ACL performance

Network Security Basics

What to Learn:
Security threats and vulnerabilities, firewalls (stateful vs stateless), IDS vs IPS, VPN concepts (site-to-site, remote access), IPsec fundamentals, SSL/TLS VPNs, port security, DHCP snooping, ARP inspection, AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting)
Free Resources:
  • Network security fundamentals
  • VPN configuration tutorials
  • Cisco security best practices
Hands-On Practice:
Configure basic firewall rules, set up VPN tunnels, implement port security, enable security features on switches and routers
5

Wireless & Advanced Topics

Duration: 6-8 weeks

Wireless Networking

What to Learn:
WiFi standards (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax), frequency bands (2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz), channels and channel width, SSID and BSS, wireless security (WPA2, WPA3), wireless controllers, roaming, site surveys, wireless troubleshooting
Free Resources:
  • Wireless networking fundamentals
  • WiFi standards explained
  • Wireless site survey guide
Hands-On Practice:
Configure wireless access points, optimize channel selection, implement WPA3, perform basic site survey, troubleshoot WiFi issues

WAN Technologies

What to Learn:
WAN overview, leased lines, MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), SD-WAN basics, PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), Frame Relay (legacy), Metro Ethernet, WAN optimization, QoS (Quality of Service) fundamentals
Free Resources:
  • WAN technologies overview
  • MPLS explained
  • SD-WAN fundamentals
Hands-On Practice:
Configure PPP on serial links, understand MPLS concepts, explore SD-WAN benefits, implement basic QoS

Network Automation & Python

What to Learn:
Network automation benefits, Python basics for networking, Netmiko library, NAPALM, Ansible for network automation, REST APIs for network devices, NETCONF/RESTCONF, network configuration management
Free Resources:
  • Network automation with Python
  • Netmiko tutorial
  • Ansible for network engineers
Hands-On Practice:
Write Python scripts to configure devices, use Netmiko to automate tasks, create Ansible playbooks for network configuration
6

Certification & Job Preparation

Duration: 8-12 weeks

CCNA Certification (Highly Recommended)

Why CCNA:
CCNA (200-301) is the industry-standard certification for network engineers. It validates your knowledge and opens doors to job opportunities. Most network engineer positions require or strongly prefer CCNA certification.
Exam Coverage:
Network fundamentals, network access, IP connectivity, IP services, security fundamentals, automation and programmability. Covers everything you've learned plus some additional topics.
Free Study Resources:
  • Jeremy's IT Lab (complete free CCNA course)
  • David Bombal CCNA videos
  • Cisco Learning Network
  • Packet Tracer labs
  • Practice exams and flashcards

Build Your Home Lab

What to Create:
Complete network topology in GNS3 with routers, switches and end devices. Implement all protocols learned (VLANs, OSPF, ACLs, NAT, etc.). Document your network with diagrams and configuration files. Create GitHub repository.
Portfolio Items:
  • Network topology diagrams (Visio/Draw.io)
  • Configuration files and documentation
  • Troubleshooting scenarios and solutions
  • Automation scripts (Python/Ansible)
  • Technical blog posts explaining concepts

Interview Preparation

What to Prepare:
Subnetting (practice until you can do it instantly), troubleshooting methodology, OSI model explanation, routing protocols comparison, network design discussions, security best practices, real-world scenarios you've worked on
Common Questions:
  • "Explain how data flows from your computer to a website"
  • "What happens when you type google.com and press Enter?"
  • "How would you troubleshoot no internet connectivity?"
  • "Difference between hub, switch and router"
  • "Explain VLANs and why we use them"

Essential Tech Stack

Master these technologies to become job-ready

Network Devices

  • Cisco Routers & Switches
  • Firewalls (ASA, Firepower)
  • Wireless Access Points
  • Load Balancers

Protocols & Technologies

  • TCP/IP, IPv4/IPv6
  • OSPF, EIGRP, BGP
  • VLANs, STP
  • NAT, DHCP, DNS
  • VPN (IPsec, SSL)

Simulation & Labs

  • GNS3
  • Cisco Packet Tracer
  • EVE-NG
  • Wireshark

Monitoring & Tools

  • SNMP
  • Syslog
  • NetFlow
  • Network monitoring tools
  • Ping, Traceroute, Nslookup

Automation & Scripting

  • Python (Netmiko, NAPALM)
  • Ansible
  • REST APIs
  • Git/GitHub

Documentation

  • Network diagrams (Visio, Draw.io)
  • Configuration management
  • Troubleshooting logs
  • Change management

Portfolio Projects to Build

Build these projects to showcase your skills to employers

🏒

Enterprise Network Design

Design complete enterprise network for 500-person company with multiple departments. Include routers, switches, VLANs, OSPF routing, redundancy, security. Create detailed network diagrams and documentation.

Network Design VLANs OSPF Redundancy Documentation
πŸ”’

Secure Remote Access VPN

Implement site-to-site and remote access VPN solution with IPsec. Include firewall configuration, ACLs for security, NAT traversal, authentication and monitoring. Test failover scenarios.

VPN IPsec Security Firewalls
πŸ“Š

Network Monitoring Solution

Set up comprehensive network monitoring with SNMP, syslog and NetFlow. Create dashboards showing network health, bandwidth utilization and alerts. Implement automated notifications.

SNMP Monitoring NetFlow Dashboards
πŸ€–

Network Automation Framework

Create Python-based automation toolkit using Netmiko for device configuration, backup collection, compliance checking. Include Ansible playbooks for common tasks. Publish on GitHub.

Python Netmiko Ansible Automation
πŸ”„

High Availability Network

Design network with full redundancy: dual routers with HSRP/VRRP, redundant switches with STP, redundant links with EtherChannel. Test all failover scenarios and document recovery times.

HSRP Redundancy STP EtherChannel
πŸ“‘

Wireless Network Deployment

Design and implement wireless network for office building. Perform site survey, optimize channel selection, configure controller, implement WPA3 security and create guest network with captive portal.

Wireless Site Survey WPA3 Controller

Free Learning Resources

Best free resources to master network engineering

πŸŽ“ CCNA Preparation

  • Jeremy's IT Lab (YouTube)
  • David Bombal CCNA course
  • NetworkChuck CCNA playlist
  • Cisco Learning Network
  • Neil Anderson CCNA (Udemy free)

πŸ“Ί YouTube Channels

  • NetworkChuck
  • David Bombal
  • Keith Barker
  • CBT Nuggets (free samples)
  • Professor Messer

πŸ“– Documentation

  • Cisco Official Documentation
  • Cisco Command Reference
  • PacketLife Cheat Sheets
  • Network protocols RFCs
  • Cisco Press free chapters

πŸ’» Simulation & Practice

  • GNS3 (free network simulator)
  • Cisco Packet Tracer (free)
  • EVE-NG Community Edition
  • Cisco DevNet Sandboxes
  • Free labs online

πŸ’¬ Communities

  • Reddit r/ccna
  • Reddit r/networking
  • Cisco Learning Network forums
  • NetworkEngineering subreddit
  • Discord network communities

πŸ“š Books & Guides

  • CCNA Official Cert Guide
  • Network Warrior (O'Reilly)
  • TCP/IP Illustrated
  • Packet Guide to Routing
  • Free networking e-books

Ready to Start Your Network Engineering Journey?

Have questions about this roadmap? Need guidance on your networking learning path? We're here to help you succeed.

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